Defining some scientific terms: Contact angle, wetting, refractive index, and specific gravity

Yesterday, we took a look at some concepts we’ll need when discussing silicones, esters, and thickeners for surfactants. Today, let’s take a look at a few more. Contact angle: “The contact angle is defined as the angle the water makes with the surface. In this illustration, a low contact angle (θ<90 ̊) means the surface...

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Defining some scientific terms: Solubility, viscosity, surface tension, and interfaces

I’ve been trying to write some posts on silicones, surfactant thickeners, and esters for quite a while now, and I keep running into the issue that I need to define a bunch of terms before I can start. As I have a question from someone from the May Q&A that hasn’t been answered yet, I...

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Q&A: Xanthan gum, pilling, and alternatives? Some information on sclerotium gum

In the August Q&A, Kh asked: Question: about xanthan gum and the pilling issue, (cause if I’m stuck with the ECOcert emulsifiers, I might be stuck with xanthan). Is it possible that it is pilling because of it’s interaction with another ingredient, like a wax maybe, or one of the film formers? I have tried many...

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Experiments in the workshop: Emulsified sugar scrub with tucuma butter & babassu oil 

I love emulsified scrubs so much! They’re relatively easy to make – melt, freeze, mix, package, use – and you can make so many changes to alter the skin feel and everything else! You’ll notice this formula is quite similar to the emulsified scrub bar I made back in July, and that’s because I wanted a...

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Membership FAQ update: You receive the e-zine for the month for which you subscribed, not all the e-zines I’ve written

Thank you so much for subscribing to the blog! I have to clarify a few things about being a $10 member as people aren’t noticing where we’re shared it in three different places. Being a $10 subscriber won’t get you access to every e-zine I’ve ever produced. If you think about it for a moment, it … Read more