Chemistry

Q&A: Why do people use apple cider vinegar rinse after washing with alkaline products? Why not just make the shampoo bars with very low pH? (Tons of information about hair chemistry and shampoo bars…)

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In the July Q&A post, I live in an area with very hard water, and I’ve heard that could cause a problem when using shampoo bars. I’ve also heard about apple cider vinegar rinse, which does not sound too pleasant to me. Would you shine more light on this? Does the vinegar rinse work because of...

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Chemistry time! Acids and bases and pH – oh my!

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I’m not sure what’s going on out there in the world, but there seem to be some serious misunderstandings about acids, bases, pH, and more, so let’s just get down to it. I’ll give you a quick summary in bold, and a longer explanation, if you want it. WHAT DOES pH MEAN? pH is a...

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Members’ exclusive: Liposomes – introduction to liposomes and other concepts.

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In the January Q&A, Derek asked: I am eagerly waiting for the cosmeceuticals e-book. A few days ago while browsing different ingredients for cosmetics, I saw ceramide liposomes and retinol liposomes. It says that they absorb more in the skin if liposomes are used. However, I can’t find any resource on the use and formulation...

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What’s the difference between these Vitamin Es?

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In the February Q&A for Patreon, Tash asked: There’s different kinds of vitamin E I see. Natural, synthetic and mixed. Is there any difference between using these in formulations? I wrote a few months ago, and never hit “publish”, which actually turned out to the be a good thing as I have more information I wanted...

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Viscosity!

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In these posts on surfactants I’ve been writing recently, I’ve mentioned viscosity quite a lot, so I thought we should take a look at this concept. The easy way to think about viscosity is about the thickness of a fluid. Water has low viscosity while something like glycerin has a higher viscosity. I liked this...

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