Wrinkled (W) or tight (T)

There’s not much to say about the tight or T skin type. You have no wrinkles and no sagging, and we all envy you. So let’s focus on the wrinkled or W skin type. How do we define aging skin? It is skin that has… dermal and epidermal atrophy (sagging, wrinkling, coarseness) reduction in amount...

This content is for Foundation, Formulation, and Innovation members only.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Question: Ammonium

From an anonymous commentor comes this question…I read the following from your pdf on conditioners: The main conditioning agent in BTMS (behentrimonium methosulfate) is a cationic quaternary ammonium salt derived from rapeseed oil (the plant for canola oil).My questions are: Any of the shampoos that have ammonium sulfates in them totally wreck my hair. I...

This content is for Foundation, Formulation, and Innovation members only.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

SPF – what exactly does that mean? (updated)

What is sun protection factor or SPF? How is it defined? SPF is defined as… the dose of UV radiation required to produce 1 minimal erythema dose (MED) on protected skin after the application of 2 mg/cm2 of produce divided by the UV radiation to produce 1 MED on unprotected skin. In other words, it’s...

This content is for Foundation, Formulation, and Innovation members only.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Query: How do you know you’re sensitive or allergic to things?

A question keeps popping into my head – how do we know we’re sensitive or allergic to something? I see comments by people all the time (not on this blog, but other forums) saying “I’m allergic to quaternium-15” or “I can’t use fill in the blank because I break out”, but I’m always curious –...

This content is for Foundation, Formulation, and Innovation members only.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here

Pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N)

We have arrived at our third skin type – pigmented or non-pigmented. This is defined by pigmentation on the face or chest, not by the colour of your skin. The key is that this hyperpigmentation is unwanted, and is generally caused by too much sun exposure. Melanogenesis is a defensive mechanism our skin uses to...

This content is for Foundation, Formulation, and Innovation members only.
Subscribe
Already a member? Log in here